Temperature sensors are rarely inserted directly into an industrial process. They are installed into a thermowell to isolate them from the potentially damaging process conditions of flow-induced stresses, high pressure, and corrosive chemical effects. The mating part to a threaded or welded thermowell is often a boss welded to the wall of the pipeline. Sealing between the thermowells and bosses can be provided in various ways, one of which is the use of washers. In some cases, sensors or thermowells can be installed in the pipeline to a variable depth using moving fittings.
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